A–a O₂ Gradient

PAO₂ ≈ (P_atm − 47)×FiO₂ − PaCO₂/0.8; A–a = PAO₂ − PaO₂ (RQ = 0.8).

Calculator

Uses water vapor pressure 47 mmHg and respiratory quotient 0.8 as in many textbooks; altitude lowers effective PAO₂.

Educational tool only—not for diagnosis or treatment decisions.